Page 409 - Bank-Muamalat-Annual-Report-2021

ANNUAL REPORT 2021 407
SUSTAINABILITY STATEMENT OUR GOVERNANCE OUR NUMBERS OTHER INFORMATION

8.0 MArKeT rIsK AnD AsseTs-lIABIlITy MAnAgeMenT (“AlM”) (conT’D)

Market Risk Measurement
1. value at risk
Value at Risk which includes the historical simulation is widely used by the Bank as a tool to measure the risk of loss on
a specific portfolio of financial assets, limit setting activities and market forecasting.
2. sensitivity Analysis

The Bank uses various methodologies in assessing the sensitivity of the Bank’s portfolio against changes in the market
variables.

3. stress Testing and scenario Analyses
Stress testing and scenario analyses are used as market risk and ALM tools for evaluation of potential impact on the
Bank’s performance under plausible extreme adverse conditions. The stress testing include the assessment on the
funding and market liquidity, rate of return risk, displaced commercial risk and currency volatility.
valuation Policy

The Group and the Bank adhere to the minimum prudent valuation practices as stipulated in the CAFIB and
MFRS 9 guidelines. Based on these prudential requirements, broad internal guidelines have been drawn out as
summarised below:

• Systems and Controls
The Group and the Bank have established and maintained adequate systems and controls to give the management
and supervisors the confidence that the valuation estimates are prudent and reliable.
• Valuation Methodologies
There are three levels of fair value hierarchy applied to reflect the level of judgment involved in estimating fair
values. The hierarchy is as follows:
Level 1 - Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical instruments;

Level 2 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement that
is directly (i.e. prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices), observable; and

Level 3 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is
unobservable.