Page 204 - Bank-Muamalat-Annual-Report-2021

202 bank MuaMalat Malaysia berhaD
ABOUT US OUR LEADERSHIP OUR STRATEGY OUR PERFORMANCE

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
31 DECEMbEr 2021 (26 JAMADIL AwAL 1443H)

2. sIGNIfIcANT AccOuNTING POLIcIes (cONT’D.)

2.3 summary of significant accounting policies (cont’d.)
(s) fair value measurement

The Group and the Bank measure financial instruments such as financial assets at FVTPL, financial investments
at FVOCI and derivatives, and non-financial assets such as investment properties at fair value at each statement of
financial position date.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction
between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption
that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:
- In the principal market for the asset or liability, or
- In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability.

The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Group and the Bank.
The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would be willing
to use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.
A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant’s ability to generate
economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that
would use the asset in its highest and best use.

The Group and the Bank use valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient
data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use
of unobservable inputs.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised
within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair
value measurement as a whole:

Level 1 - Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical instruments;
Level 2 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement,
which is directly (i.e. prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices) observable; and
Level 3 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is
unobservable.

For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Group and the
Bank determine whether transfers have occurred between fair value hierarchy levels by re-assessing categorisation
(based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each
reporting period.
The fair value of financial instruments and further details are disclosed in Note 47.